Abstract: Cryogenic treatment can effectively improve the structural stability and performance of the material itself. It is widely used in the processing and manufacture of traditional metal materials. With the continuous development of cryogenic treatment technology, the application of the treatment objects from traditional metal workpieces to micro-nano-structured lithium anode materials is becoming more and more extensive. In view of the development of cryogenic treatment technology in recent years, the mechanism and application of cryogenic treatment to metal materials were summarized systematically, and the further development and application of cryogenic treatment in metal field were prospected.