Abstract: The surface friction failure of cylinder block of aviation piston engine is the result of coupling effect of sliding friction stress field temperature field and cyclic variable power load. The friction and wear lubrication state of aviatiwon piston engine under various working conditions was analyzed statistically and the load power spectrum of aviation piston engine cylinder block was drawn. The SRM-4 friction testing machine was used to test the waste cylinder block in a quasi-coupling friction environment with given power, temperature, load and oil volume. The surface state of the waste cylinder block before and after friction was tested by detecting the surface state parameters of the cylinder block. The influence of stress field, temperature field and load power on the friction coefficient of cylinder block was studied by quasi-coupling. The friction coefficient of cylinder surface increases exponentially with the increase of temperature; under the condition of low temperature section(92℃) and the middle temperature section(145℃), the friction coefficient is sensitive to the change of the load at 35-38 N, the friction coefficient increases with the increase of the load, the wear form is mainly fatigue wear, fatigue pitting corrosion. When the load is greater than 38 N, the influence of load on friction coefficient is small. At high temperature(198 ℃), the influence of load on the friction coefficient decreases, and the temperature is the main factor, and the friction form changes from abrasive wear(two-body/three-body wear) to adhesive wear. The variation of friction coefficient with frequency is relatively small.