热处理对含铜节镍奥氏体不锈钢性能的影响
Influence of Heat Treatment on Properties of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel by Adding Copper for Nickel Saving
邓姝皓1,2, 张金菊1,2, 叶晓慧1,2, 罗能能1,2
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作者单位：1. 中南大学 材料科学与工程学院, 湖南 长沙 410083; 2. 中南大学 有色金属教育部重点实验室, 湖南 长沙 410083
中文关键字：铜； 304奥氏体不锈钢； 热处理
英文关键字：copper; 304 austenitic stainless steel; heat treatment
中文摘要：在304奥氏体不锈钢中加入3wt%的铜，通过真空感应炉熔炼后浇注成方形铸锭，经过均匀化处理再轧制成薄板进行研究。采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱等手段研究了铜元素的加入及热处理方式对304奥氏体不锈钢显微组织、力学性能和抗腐蚀性的影响。结果表明：铜在304不锈钢中以固溶的形式存在，固溶的铜可以抑制马氏体的生成， 使不锈钢在保证一定的强度下， 塑韧性得到提高；不同的热处理使含铜304不锈钢呈现不同的组织状态和性能，随退火温度的升高， 不锈钢的强度、硬度逐渐降低； 随固溶时间缩短， 不锈钢的强度、硬度提高，塑性增加；固溶处理使不锈钢耐腐蚀性较退火和轧制态有明显提高，二种热处理方式相比表明，固溶时效处理后的含铜不锈钢的综合性能最优。
英文摘要：3wt% Cu was added to 304 austenitic stainless steel by vacuum induction melting furnace. Homogenization treatment was carried out and then it was rolled into a sheet. The influences of copper addition and heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the 304 austenitic stainless steel were studied by OM, SEM and XRD. The results show that Cu is solid solution in the 304 stainless steel, and the addition of copper can inhibit the formation of martensite and guarantee the strength of 304 stainless steel, meanwhile, improve its plasticity and toughness. 304 stainless steel with copper shows different microstructure and performance after different heat treatment processes. The strength and hardness dramatically reduce with the increase of annealing temperature. The strength, hardness and plastic increase with the decrease of solid solution time. The anti-corrosion property after solid solution and aging treatment is best, compared with that after annealing or rolling. It can conclude that the 304 stainless steel with copper has optimal performance after solid solution and aging treatment.