铝合金车体底架边梁焊接缺陷研究与控制
Welding Defects Research and Control of Underframe Longitudinal Girder in
刘志平，胡文浩，王广英， 吴晓明， 刘春宁， 王秀义
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作者单位：（唐山轨道客车有限责任公司制造技术中心, 河北 唐山063035）
中文关键字： 高速列车；铝合金焊接；焊接缺陷；焊接应力
英文关键字： high speed railway vehicles; aluminum alloy welding; welding defects; welding stress
中文摘要： 结合铝合金车体头车底架边梁焊接结构的特点,分析了边梁在焊接过程中容易出现的裂纹和气孔等焊接缺陷产生的原因。打底焊裂纹是由于打底焊焊缝有效承载面积较小,不足以承受焊后较大的应力所致,通过采用“厚壁保强”法,解决了此问题。气孔主要是由于焊接区域空气湿度较大以及空气不清洁所致,通过控制焊接时间和焊接区域的环境状况,并采用“集中排除法”,使气孔以链状形式产生并集中清理干净,解决了在湿度较大环境下,焊接中极易产生的超标气孔问题,使边梁焊接的成功率大大提高。
英文摘要：The welding defects such as crack and porosity were analyzed aiming at the welding construction character istic of aluminum alloy longitudinal girder. Effective loading section area of backing weld was too small to stand larger stress after welding, which caused the crack. And the crack problem was solved by enlarging backing welding section area. The porosity was caused by the high humidity and no cleaning air on the welding area, and the crack can be solved by controlling welding time and environment condition. Also, porosity can take place in the form of linear porosity and be removed.