激光焊接铝合金材料过程的建模与仿真
Modeling and Simulation of Laser Welding for Aluminium Alloy
卢艳，张静，胡敬佩，项俊锋
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作者单位：1. 重庆大学光电工程学院 重庆 400044 2. 重庆广播电视大学机电工程学院 重庆 400052 3. 重庆大学国家传动重点实验室 重庆 400044
中文关键字：ANSYS；铝合金；激光焊接；仿真
英文关键字：ANSYS; aluminium alloy; laser welding; simulation
中文摘要：本文在试验基础上，利用有限元软件ANSYS 对3A21铝合金材料激光焊接温度场进行了动态模拟。通过对激光焊接非线性瞬态过程的分析，分析与温度场有关的潜热，热传导，对流，辐射等材料热物理属性，建立了激光焊接的移动热源模型。仿真结果表明：激光焊接薄板铝合金的温度场梯度大，热影响区小；温度场中各点温度呈指数式升高和衰减；焊缝和近焊缝区温度升降急剧，焊缝宽度的仿真结果与试验结果相一致，从而验证了所建立的移动热源模型在激光焊接铝合金薄板温度场模拟中的适用性，在一定程度上揭示了激光焊接的成型机理。
英文摘要：In this paper,the distribution of the temperature field during laser welding based on aluminium alloy 3A21 was dynamically simulated by the FEAsoftware – ANSYS. In view of the highly non-linear characters of laser welding, a travel heat source combined with the body loads was built by analyzing both the temperature relativity of the thermal physical parameters of material and latent heat of fusion and the effect of thermal conduction，convection and radiation on temperature field. It is shown by the simulation results that the temperature gradient of laser welding in the temperature field is larger, and HAZ is smaller than other welding methods. The temperature curve in temperature field is in the exponential rise and decay, and the temperature of weld and near weld changes rapidly, in addition, the width of the weld by the simulation results is in agreement with the experimental results, thus verifying the model established by moving heat source during the laser welding based on aluminum alloy sheet apply to temperature field simulation, and to a certain extent, reveal the forming mechanism of laser welding.