铝合金锥形挤压件厚度均匀性控制技术
Thickness Homogeneity Control Technology for Aluminum Alloy Conical Parts
王梦寒， 徐志敏， 邵常伟
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作者单位：（重庆大学 材料科学与工程学院 , 重庆 400044）
中文关键字：7075铝合金；挤压；厚度分布；凸模锥角；壁厚差
英文关键字：7075 aluminum alloy； extrusion； the thickness distribution； cone angle of the punch； wall thickness difference
中文摘要：采用有限元方法对典型的深腔薄壁7075超硬铝合金锥形件挤压成形过程进行了数值模拟仿真和分析，优化了预成形工艺参数及凸模结构。仿真结果表明：终成形时坯料的定位是决定其壁厚分布的关键因素；预成形时采用满压型方式，将凸模的锥角控制在14°～16°之间，利用凸、凹模自导向，可降低成形过程中的材料损伤，并可有效的提高终成形制品的壁厚均匀性。根据仿真的优化参数进行试验验证，结果表明: 优化的挤压工艺参数及模具，提高了多工序挤压时深腔薄壁件壁厚的均匀性。该方法应用于壁厚为10 mm，腔深270 mm的超硬铝合金锥形件的挤压成形生产，在壁厚允差小于1.2 mm的要求下，制品的合格率由原来的12%提高到了90%以上。
英文摘要：The extruding process of the conical parts which has a deep-cavity and thin-wall structure was simulated using the finite element method. The process parameters and the structure of the die were analyzed and optimized. The results show that taking the full filling method during the pre-forming process, the cone angle of the punch is controlled between 14 to 16 degrees, and using the punch and the die self-guiding, the maximal material damage factor can be decreased effectively and the thickness homogeneity of the finish extruding can be improved. This method is employed in the mass production of the 7075 super-hard aluminum alloy conical parts, while the thickness and the cavity deep of the parts are 10 mm and 270 mm respectively. The qualification rate of the production improve from 12% to 90% when the allowable wall thickness difference belowe 1.2 mm.