304不锈钢薄板脉冲激光焊焊接热过程数值分析
Numerical Analysis on Heat Process of Pulse Laser Welding of 304 Stainless Steel Sheet
姜泽东, 陈保国, 史维琴
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作者单位：（常州工程职业技术学院, 江苏 常州 213164）
中文关键字：不锈钢；脉冲激光焊；温度场；ANSYS；数值分析
英文关键字：stainless steel；pulse laser welding；temperature field；ANSYS；numerical analysis
中文摘要：针对不锈钢薄板脉冲激光焊接的特点，基于有限元分析软件ANSYS，对0.5 mm厚的304不锈钢薄板脉冲激光焊接的热过程进行三维数值动态模拟。建模时采用实体单元和表面单元结合，并采用焊缝处细密、远离焊缝处粗略的不均匀网格，除了施加整体与外界的对流散热条件外，还考虑了工件与夹具之间的传导换热，分析了焊接温度场在工件上的分布规律及工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响, 并据此提出了提高不锈钢薄板激光焊焊接接头质量的方案。计算结果表明，熔池的尺寸随输入能量的变化较为明显，在激光加热0.05 s后材料开始熔化，熔池呈现大幅度增长趋势；焊接速度对熔深和熔宽的影响较为显著，熔宽随焊接速度的增加而逐渐减小，熔深几乎与焊接速度成反比，当焊接速度约为0.4 m/min时，熔深为0.5 mm以上，工件熔透，且深宽比可达到2∶1。计算所得熔池大小与试验结果基本吻合。
英文摘要：According to the characteristic of pulse laser welding of stainless steel sheet, based on the ANSYS, three-dimensional transient numerical dynamic simulation of laser welding of stainless steel sheet was carried out. The amount of calculation was controlled by the acceptable range. The solid element and surface element were combined. The uneven grids were fine near the weld and coarse far from weld were meshed. During the thermal loading history, the conduction between workpiece and clamp was considered. The effects of welding parameters on the temperature field and weld shape were analyzed. The method for improving the welding quality is put forward. The molten pool obviously changes with inputting energy from the calculation results. The workpiece melts when the welding lasts for 0.05, and the welding speed obviously affects the molten pool. When the speed is 0.4 m/min, the ratio between molten depth and molten width is 2∶1. The calculation results almost accord with the experimental results.