铝钢异种材料电弧熔钎焊接技术的研究
Investigation on Arc Brazing Technology of Aluminum and Steel
尹兰礼1， 雷永平1， 林 健1， 王培中2， 钟 毅1
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作者单位：（1.北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院,北京 100124; 2.通用汽车公司 北美研发中心,密歇根 沃伦 48090,美国）
中文关键字：铝钢连接；电弧熔钎焊； 拉剪强度； 金属间化合物
英文关键字：Al/Fe joint; arc brazing; tensile-shear strength; IMC
中文摘要： 为了减轻车身重量,铝合金正被广泛的应用到汽车车身用中。而铝合金与汽车用钢板的连接问题是铝合金得以广泛应用的关键。本研究通过钨极氩弧焊和冷金属过渡焊两种电弧熔钎焊接方法实现铝合金与低碳钢的连接,研究了两种焊接方法的焊缝成型、接头拉剪强度以及金属间化合物的成分差异,并与传统的铆接接头进行比较。研究表明,电弧熔钎焊具有较高的接头拉剪强度和较小的接头重量。由于冷金属过渡焊的热输入量低,使得其焊缝成型相对较好,且其接头拉剪强度值已达到母材强度的85%。
英文摘要：Aluminum is being widely applied to automobile body to reduce the weight. The key problem is connecting aluminum alloy to steel of car-body. In this paper, aluminum and steel are connected by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) arc brazing and Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) arc brazing. The weld formation of the two welding methods and component of intermetallic compounds (IMC) are investigated, and compared the joint's tensile-shear strength with traditional Self-piercing riveting. The results show that the joints made by arc brazing have higher tensile-shear strength and lighter weight. Due to the low welding heat input, the weld formation of CMT is better than that of TIG. And the tensile-shear strength of CMT joint has reached 85% of the base metal strength.