Abstract: As a control method of welding stress, rapid cooling technique can be used in welding of aluminum alloy, and it has achieved good control effect of welding residual stress. However, few reports have focused on the study of rapid cooling to control the residual stress of multi-pass welding of thick aluminum alloy plate. In this research, experimental and numerical methods were used to study the effect of rapid cooling on welding temperature and residual stress of 6005A aluminum alloy multi-pass MIG welding. The results show that the rapid cooling could quickly decrease the welding temperature and the high temperature range in the welding stage, and the peak longitudinal residual tensile stress of the weld decreases from 96.8 MPa to 77.2 MPa, with a decrease amount of 20.2%.