Abstract: The phenomenon of metal materials corrosion can be seen everywhere. Galvanic corrosion is a special corrosion form of metal material corrosion, which can not only reduce the service life of metal materials and accelerate the failure of metal components, but also lead to a series of other local corrosion behaviors, with serious destructions. The basic principle and main characteristics of galvanic corrosion of heterogeneous metal materials were introduced. The research progress and common research methods of galvanic corrosion of heterogeneous metal materials were described, and the protection technology of galvanic corrosion was summarized, and the possible research directions of galvanic corrosion and protection in the future were proposed. The influence of electromagnetic field as a new physical anti-corrosion technology on the corrosion behavior of the metal materials was discussed, and the application of electromagnetic field in the protection of galvanic corrosion of metal materials was put forward, which can provide a new direction for the research on the protection of galvanic corrosion.