Abstract: To investigate the effect of low temperature on the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel, the tensile tests and low-cycle fatigue tests were carried out at 293 K, 173 K and 77 K to analyze the effects of temperature and martensitic transformation on the mechanical properties of the material. Finally, the plastic strain energy formula was used to predict the life of the material and the model was modified.The results show that due to the effect of temperature on martensitic transformation, the cooling can improve the strength of materials, and the amplitude of cooling can significantly affect the increase of material strength. The cyclic stress amplitude response curve at low temperature is greatly affected by martensitic transformation, which is also an important factor for cyclic softening and secondary hardening of cyclic stress amplitude response curve at room temperature.The prediction accuracy of the modified plastic strain energy formula greatly improves compared with the original model, and the life prediction results are all in the two-fold dispersion zone.