Abstract: The effect of cold rolling with different deformation amounts on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot rolled 0Cr18Ni9 austenitic stainless steel was studied by OM, SEM, XRD, Vickers hardness tester and universal testing machine.The results show that with the increase of cold rolling deformation amount, the grain deformation of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel becomes more and more obvious, the dislocation deposit at grain boundary becomes more and more serious, the grain boundary becomes more and more fuzzy, and more and more austenite in the microstructure changes to martensite. With the increase of cold rolling deformation amount, the hardness, tensile strength and yield strength of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel increase gradually, while the elongation decreases gradually.The hardness, tensile strength and yield strength of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel with 36% cold rolling deformation reach the maximum value, which are 432.3 HV, 1283.1MPa and 1195.2 MPa, respectively.