曲轴的不均匀异步加载挤压成形工艺研究

    Study on Extrusion Forming of A Crankshaft Based on Uneven Asynchronous Loading

    • 摘要: 通过分析不均匀异步加载挤压成形的工艺特点和技术关键,开展了某复杂曲轴构件的镦锻成形工艺模拟和试验研究。建立了同步比例加载和不均匀异步加载两种挤压工艺模型,采用有限元模拟分析了金属流动特点和挤压缺陷。结果表明:锻件在同步加载工艺的模腔根部发生了折叠,不均匀异步加载过程中金属流动顺畅,充型饱满,没有发生折叠缺陷。以某复杂曲拐构件为研究对象进行了工艺试制,曲拐锻件充型饱满,没有发生折叠、裂纹等缺陷,锻件经热处理调质后,抗拉强度为1120 MPa,伸长率为16%,完全满足零件使用要求。因此,不均匀异步加载挤压成形不仅可使坯料获得完全的三向压应力状态,还能够实时控制成形时坯料在型腔内的流动速度及充型方式,实现复杂构件的完全充型,防止产生缺陷,是一种值得推广的新技术。

       

      Abstract: The process characteristics and key technology of uneven asynchronous loading extrusion forming were analyzed, the process simulation and experimental research were conducted for the forging process of a complex crankshaft component. The two extrusion process models of synchronous proportional loading and non-uniform asynchronous loading were established, and the metal flow pattern and extrusion defects were analyzed with the finite element method. The results show that the metal at the root of the mold cavity in the synchronous loading process has folded, the metal flow is smooth during asynchronous loading process, the forging is full filling without fold and crack defects. The process trial production was conducted for a crank throw component, the forging is full filling without fold and crack defects. After heat treatment, the tensile strength reaches 1120 MPa, the elongation reaches 16%, its performance fully meets the requirements. Therefore,uneven asynchronous loading extrusion forming can not only achieve a complete three-dimensional compressive stress state for the blank, but also control the flow speed and filling method of the blank in the mold cavity in real-time during forming,and fulfill the complete forming of complex component and overcome the formation of defects, which is a new technology worth promoting.

       

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