不同缺口形式下FGH95合金低循环疲劳试验及其力学演变研究

    Study on Low Cycle Fatigue Test and Mechanical Evolution of FGH95 Alloy under Different Notched Forms

    • 摘要: 针对圆形缺口和V形缺口的两种FGH95试样,开展了高温环境疲劳应力试验与应力保载疲劳试验,并采用超景深显徽镜、扫描电镜、金相观察等工具或方法研究了疲劳试样的断口形貌特征。结果表明,圆形缺口试样不带保载时,疲劳裂纹源表现不明显,推测裂纹萌生于试样内部;带保载疲劳时,裂纹萌生于试样表面,能观察到比较明显的裂纹源。而对于V形试样,疲劳裂纹均起源于试样表面,裂纹萌生区观察到明显的淡色区。针对不同类型缺口试样的疲劳断裂特征,利用统一蠕变粘塑性本构模型,开展了疲劳裂纹力学演变模拟分析。对于圆形缺口试祥,不带保载时,由于应力重分布的原因,最大Mises应力逐渐转移至试样内部,而带保载时,最大Mises应力主要位于试样表面,其试样表面的晶粒由于约束低、应力梯度大,更易产生蠕变应变,使得疲劳裂纹起源于试样表面;对于V形缺口试样,由于应力集中系数较大,产生的塑性应变更大,使得两种试验载荷条件下的疲劳裂纹均起源于试样表面,裂纹萌生于V形试样的缺口根部。

       

      Abstract: The stress fatigue test and stress holding fatigue test were carried out in high temperature environment for round notch and V-notch FGH95 samples, and the fracture morphologies of fatigue samples were studied by means of ultra-depth of field microscope, scanning electron microscope and metallographic observation. The results show that the fatigue crack source is not obvious when the round notch sample is without load retention, and it is presumed that the crack initiation is inside the sample; when the load retention fatigue is carried out, the crack initiation is on the surface of the sample,and a relatively obvious crack source can be observed. For the V-notch sample, the fatigue cracks all originate on the surface of the sample, and the crack initiation zone is obviously pale. According to the fatigue fracture characteristics of different notched specimens, a unified creep viscoplastic constitutive model was used to simulate the mechanical evolution of fatigue cracks. The analysis shows that for the round notched specimens without load retention, the maximum Mises stress gradually transfers to the inner part of the specimen due to stress redistribution, under load retention, the maximum Mises stress is mainly located on the surface of the specimen, and the grain on the surface of the specimen is more prone to produce creep strain due to low constraint and large stress gradient, so that the fatigue crack originates from the surface of the specimen. For Vnotch samples, due to large concentration coefficient, the plasticity should be greatly changed, so that the fatigue cracks under both test load conditions originate from the surface of the sample, and the cracks originate from the notch root of the V-shaped sample.

       

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