Abstract: With the rapid development of aerospace, equipment manufacturing, nuclear power industry and other fields,the demand for superalloys is increasingly growing, and more stringent performance requirements are put forward. Nickel-based superalloys are highly favored due to their high temperature strength, excellent comprehensive performance in antioxidation, antifatigue and corrosion resistance. A detailed overview of nickel-based superalloys was given, the development history and main application fields of nickel-based superalloys were introduced, the common phases and strengthening mechanisms in nickel-based superalloys were expounded, the research status of the return material and heat treatment process of nickel-based superalloys were reviewed, and the existing problems in the current research were pointed out, and finally, the future development trend of nickel-based superalloys was looked forward to.