球墨铸铁表面熔覆3Cr13铁基复合涂层试验研究

    Experimental Study on Fusion Cladding of 3Cr13 Iron-Based Composite Coatings on Surface of Nodular Cast Iron

    • 摘要: 球墨铸铁具有优良的力学性能,在工业领域得到了广泛地应用,但恶劣的服役环境对其表面硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性提出了更为严苛的要求。为提高球墨铸铁表面综合力学性能,本试验基于激光熔覆技术,在其表面成功制备出高硬度、无裂纹的3Cr13马氏体不锈钢涂层。通过控制变量探究不同送粉方式和能量密度对熔覆层成形质量的影响,并对熔覆层的显微组织、硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性进行表征。结果表明:在同步送粉法、能量密度124 J/mm2条件下制备的3Cr13熔覆层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,无明显孔隙、裂纹,成形质量好。该涂层显微组织由α-Fe、残余γ-Fe及(Cr,Fe)7C3相组成。其显微硬度可达531.96 HV0.2,是铸铁基体(180 HV0.2)的2.96倍。在相同磨损条件下,其磨损率为0.235×10-3g/m,仅为铸铁磨损率(0.407×10-3g/m)的58%,主要磨损机制为轻微的磨粒磨损、黏着磨损、氧化磨损和塑性变形。在3.5wt%NaCl盐雾腐蚀环境中,涂层自腐蚀电势为-0.409 V,较铸铁的自腐蚀电势(-0.841 V)高0.432 V,自腐蚀电流小于铸铁的自腐蚀电流,电化学阻抗大于铸铁的电化学阻抗,耐蚀性显著提升。3Cr13熔覆层显著提升了球墨铸铁表面的硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性。

       

      Abstract: Ductile iron has excellent mechanical properties and has been widely used in the industrial field, but the extreme application environment puts forward more demanding requirements for its surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In this experiment, high hardness and crack-free 3Cr13 martensitic stainless steel coatings were successfully prepared on the ductile iron surface based on laser cladding technology. The effects of different powder feeding methods and energy densities on the forming quality of the cladding layer were explored by controlling variables, and the microstructure, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer were compared. The results show that the prepared 3Cr13 fused cladding layer is in excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate under the synchronous powder feeding method and energy density of 124 J/mm2. The microstructure of the coating consists of α-Fe, residual γ-Fe and(Cr,Fe)7C3 phases. Its microhardness is up to 531.96 HV0.2, which is 2.96 times of that of cast iron matrix(180 HV0.2). Under the same wear conditions, its wear rate is 0.235×10-3g/m, only 58% of the wear rate of cast iron(0.407×10-3g/m). The main wear mechanisms of the 3Cr13 martensitic stainless steel coating are slight abrasive wear plastic deformation, adhesive wear and oxidative wear. In the salt spray corrosion environment of NaCl with mass fraction of 3.5%, the coating has a self-corrosion potential of-0.409 V, which is 0.432 V higher compared with the self-corrosion potential of cast iron(-0.841 V), the self-corrosion current is less than the self-corrosion current of cast iron, the electrochemical impedance is greater than the electrochemical impedance of cast iron,and the corrosion resistance performance is better. In conclusion, 3Cr13 laser cladding layer significantly improves the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ductile iron surface.

       

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