TC4特钛合金轮盘内部残余应力测试方法对比研究

    Comparative Study on Internal Residual Stress Detection Methods for TC4 Special Titanium Alloy Discs

    • 摘要: 航空发动机钛合金轮盘作为冷端限寿件,其内部残余应力是影响服役期失效概率的关键因素之一。为研究钛合金轮盘内部残余应力及测试方法准确性,设计了等温锻造TC4特钛合金轮盘,淬火热处理后分别采用超声法、深孔法和轮廓法依次开展盘件内部残余应力测试,对比分析了这3种方法测试轮盘内部残余应力分布规律。结果表明:等温锻造TC4特钛合金轮盘淬火后中心部位拉伸残余应力可达47 MPa;轮廓法能获得轮盘子午截面二维周向残余应力云图,具有较好的稳定性和准确性;深孔法测试分散性较大,且存在边缘效应,与轮廓法最大差值为20~30 MPa;超声法声速极差能综合反映轮盘整体残余应力大小,但受轮盘侧壁影响较大,与轮廓法最大误差可达36.9%;消除侧壁影响后,超声法能更好反映轮盘周向残余应力分布,与轮廓法最大误差仅6.5%。

       

      Abstract: As the cold end life-limited part of aero-engine, the internal residual stress of titanium alloy discs is one of the key factors affecting the failure probability during service. In order to study the internal residual stress of the titanium alloy disc and the accuracy of testing methods, an isothermal forging TC4 special titanium alloy disc was designed. After quenching, the internal residual stress the disc was sequentially tested by the ultrasonic method, deep hole drilling method and contour method. The residual stress distribution patterns within the disc tested by the three methods were compared and analyzed. The results show that the maximum tensile residual stress in the center of the isothermal forging TC4 special disc after quenching can reach 47 MPa. The contour method can obtain a two-dimensional circumferential residual stress cloud of the meridional section of the disc, demonstrating good stability and accuracy. The deep hole drilling method exhibits greater dispersion and edge effects, with a maximum difference from the contour method of 20-30 MPa. The ultrasonic method can comprehensively reflect the integral residual stress of the disc through the range of velocity, but is significantly affected by the rim of the disc, with a maximum error of up to 36.9% compared to the contour method. After eliminating the edge effects, the ultrasonic method can better reflect the circumferential residual stress distribution of the disc, with a maximum error of only 6.5% compared to the contour method.

       

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