多孔金属材料的增材制造工艺和性能研究进展

    Research Progress in Additive Manufacturing Processes and Properties of Porous Metal Materials

    • 摘要: 多孔金属因其密度低、比表面积大、能量吸收性能优异等良好的物理化学特性,在建筑、冶金、石油化工、航天航空、环保能源及医疗等领域应用广泛。但多孔金属往往具备复杂的内部结构和形状,传统的制造方法加工难度大、成本较高,而增材制造技术可通过逐层堆积实现多孔结构的高效制备。目前,增材制造多孔金属的相关研究较为零散,缺乏系统全面的梳理和总结。基于此,综述了选择性激光熔化成形、电子束熔化成形、选择性激光烧结及直接金属激光烧结4种典型增材制造技术制备多孔金属的研究现状,重点阐述了激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距等工艺参数对力学性能的影响,并对增材制造高性能多孔金属材料的发展方向进行了展望。

       

      Abstract: Porous metals are widely used in fields such as construction, metallurgy, petrochemicals, aerospace, environmental protection, energy, and medicine owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties, including low density, large specific surface area, and outstanding energy absorption capacity. However, porous metals feature complex internal structures and morphologies, and traditional manufacturing methods suffer from high processing difficulty and costs. Additive manufacturing technology can easily achieve the manufacturing of porous structures through layer by layer stacking.Nevertheless, the research on additive manufacturing of porous metals remain fragmented and lack systematic and detailed summary. Based on this, the research status of porous metals fabricated by four typical additive manufacturing techniques:selective laser melting, electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, and direct metal laser sintering, were reviewed. It focused on the influences of key process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and scanning spacing on the mechanical properties of porous metals. Finally, the development trends of additive manufacturing for high-performance porous metal materials were prospected.

       

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