Abstract: Medical grade TC4 titanium alloy was successfully prepared by vacuum arc remelting (VAR) and heat treated at different temperatures and cooling methods. The microstructure and properties of the titanium alloy after different heat treatment processes were comparatively analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and hardness test. The results show that the hardness of the titanium alloy increases with the increase of heat treatment temperature in the range of 720-820 ℃, and the alloy treated at 820 ℃ shows the most fine and uniform microstructure, which results in highest hardness. With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the impact fracture mode gradually transforms from disintegration-like fracture to ductile fracture. After holding at 1050 ℃, different cooling modes lead to significant differences in microstructure, as the cooling rate decreases, the number of α-phase gradually increases, the morphology changes from acicular to block shape, and the hardness of the alloy gradually decreases. The results of the research are of reference significance for the development of new medical titanium alloys.