Al-Mn/A356双熔体混熔铸造铝合金的组织与性能研究

    Investigation on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Mn/A356 Dual-melt Mixed-melting Cast Aluminum Alloy

    • 摘要: 在铝合金中加入Mn可以形成Al6Mn等强化相,但常规铸造法制备的铝合金中,Al6Mn相往往粗大且分布不均匀,难以充分发挥其增强效果。采用了双熔体混熔法,将Al-Mn合金和A356铝合金熔体进行不同比例混合,以制备高强度、高耐磨的铸造铝合金材料。结果表明:Al-Mn/A356双熔体混熔后,铝合金中形成了Al-Mn-Si三元强化相。随着两种熔体混熔比例由1∶6逐渐减小至1:10,Al-Mn-Si相的分布由初始的富集状态转变为均匀分散,同时α-Al晶粒的平均尺寸和共晶Si的平均尺寸也呈先减小后增大的趋势。此外,随着混熔比例的减小,铝合金的抗拉强度先增后减,而伸长率及磨损率则先减后增。特别是当混熔比例为1∶8时,所制备的铸造铝合金具有优异的性能,其铸态抗拉强度达到218.54 MPa,伸长率为2.18%,磨损率为1.17×10-3mm3·N-1·m-1。与铸态A356铝合金相比,其抗拉强度提升了34.02%,伸长率提升了4.81%,磨损率减少了74.45%。

       

      Abstract: The addition of manganese(Mn) to aluminum alloys has the potential to induce the formation of strengthening phases, such as Al6Mn. However, in aluminum alloys fabricated via conventional casting techniques, the Al6Mn phase is generally characterized by coarse morphology and non-uniform distribution, thereby impeding its full utilization of the reinforcing effect. The double-melt mixing approach was employed to blend the melts of the Al-Mn alloy and the A356 alloy at various proportions, with the aim of manufacturing a cast aluminum alloy material featuring high strength and superior wear resistance. The results reveal that upon the double melt mixing of Al-Mn/A356, a ternary strengthening phase, namely Al-Mn-Si, is formed within the aluminum alloy matrix. As the mixing ratio of the two melts progressively decreases from 1∶6 to 1 ∶10, the distribution pattern of the Al-Mn-Si phase transitions from an initial state of enrichment to uniform dispersion.Concurrently, the average sizes of both the α-Al grains and the eutectic Si display a trend of initially decreasing followed by increasing. Moreover, with the reduction in the mixing ratio, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy exhibits a trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing, whereas the elongation and the wear rate initially decrease and then increase.Specifically, when the mixing ratio is set at 1 ∶8, the fabricated cast aluminum alloy exhibits outstanding performance. Its as-cast tensile strength reaches 218.54 MPa, with an elongation of 2.18% and a wear rate of 1.17 ×10-3mm3·N-1·m-1.Compared with the as-cast A356 alloy, its tensile strength is enhanced by 34.02%, the elongation is increased by 4.81%, and the wear rate is reduced by 74.45%.

       

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