Abstract: To optimize the heat treatment process of TC11 titanium alloy, the solid solution and solution+aging treatment tests with different process parameters were carried out, and the influence laws of solution temperature and cooling methods (air cooling/furnace cooling) on the microstructure and hardness were studied. The results show that the solution temperature dominates the content of primary equiaxed α phase in TC11 alloy. With the solution temperature increasing from 940 ℃ to 980 ℃, the volume fraction of α phase decreases from 69.8% to 37.3%. The cooling method regulates the morphology of β transformed structure: air cooling forms a dense lamellar α structure, while furnace cooling generates a dense and coarse α structure. Hardness is significantly affected by the synergistic effect of solution process, and aging parameters (530 ℃-800 ℃/1 h-24 h) have limited effects on the performance of TC11 alloy. When the alloy is treated with the process of 980 ℃×1 h solution+air cooling, 530 ℃×6 h aging+air cooling, the hardness of TC11 alloy is the highest of 472.43, which increases by 23.1% compared with the as-received state, and the hardness of the air-cooling process is higher than that of furnace cooling under the same solution temperature. Precise control of solution temperature and cooling method can effectively coordinate the content of equiaxial α phase and the morphology of β-transformed structure, providing new ideas for the performance optimization of titanium alloys.