Abstract: With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing environmental awareness of human beings, nuclear energy has attracted more and more attention from experts in the energy field all around the world due to its advantages such as almost zero emissions, high energy density, and strong long-term stable supply capacity. Powder metallurgy technology, as an advanced material preparation process, is increasingly widely applied in the nuclear industry, especially in the manufacturing of key components such as nuclear fuel pellet, cladding. The classification of nuclear industry core products such as nuclear fuel pellet and fuel cladding was described, focusing on the principle and application range of traditional melting and powder metallurgy methods, the advantages of powder metallurgy technology in the preparation of nuclear industry core products were analyzed, and finally, the future development direction and application prospects of powder metallurgy technology in nuclear industry were prospected.