Abstract: Arc additive repair technology, a method for restoring metal components through arc wire deposition, is extensively utilized in the rapid forming and repair of large-scale metal components due to its high material utilization rate, high deposition efficiency, and adaptability for large component restoration. The temperature field distribution within the molten pool plays a critical role in determining the repair quality of aluminum alloy components. This distribution is governed by the complex interplay of heat input, fluid dynamics, and material thermophysical properties. By achieving a dynamic equilibrium between heat input and cooling rate, and by modulating flow behavior through multi-physics coupling within the molten pool, precise adjustments can be made based on variations in material thermophysical properties. Regarding weldability, the molten pool temperature field distribution influences the stability of aluminum alloy repair quality through three primary aspects: the microstructure of the deposited layer, defect formation, and mechanical properties. Controlling solidification dynamics to guide microstructural evolution can mitigate defects such as incomplete fusion and porosity induced by localized temperature anomalies, thereby enhancing the uniformity of performance and interfacial bonding quality in the repaired aluminum alloy region. Real-time infrared thermal imaging, enhanced by emissivity calibration and resolution optimization, effectively addresses measurement inaccuracies in molten pool temperature, enabling high-precision monitoring of the temperature field. Future research on arc additive repair should prioritize elucidating the control mechanisms of advanced processes, such as wire preheating, on molten pool temperature field distribution, while further refining the application of infrared thermal imaging for real-time temperature monitoring. Integration of intelligent monitoring and closed-loop control technologies is essential to meet the stringent engineering requirements for weld quality stability and process reliability in advanced manufacturing.