Abstract: ZTA ceramic particle-reinforced high chromium cast iron composite was prepared by gravity casting infiltration process. The wear performance and wear mechanism of the composite were systematically studied by using the three-body abrasion test and the erosion wear test, and it was compared with the high chromium cast iron. The results show that the wear resistance of the composite is 3.8-4.7 times of that of the high chromium cast iron matrix during the three-body abrasion test. The main wear mechanism in the early stage of wear is mainly wear caused by abrasive micro-cutting of high chromium cast iron matrix, the surface of the substrate exhibits distinct traces of cutting and furrowing. The main wear mechanism in the later stage is wear of abrasive micro-cutting ceramic particles. At an erosion rate of 4 m/s, the erosion wear is primarily caused by oxidative corrosion, with wear serving as a secondary mechanism.