Abstract: As the core raw material for powder-based additive manufacturing, metal powders directly influence the stability of the forming process and the solidification behavior, thereby determining the ultimate service performance of the components. In this paper, based on an overview of key quantitative indicators of powder property and typical preparation processes, focused on analyzing the mechanism by which powder characteristics affected the evolution of powder spreading and feeding behavior and solidification behavior. It systematically summarized the influence patterns of powder physical and chemical properties on forming quality and microstructure, and further clarified the underlying mechanisms governing the mechanical properties of formed components. Finally, for the development and design of specialized powders targeting high-stability forming and high-performance components, we proposed three research prospects: establishing dynamic powder property indicators reflecting actual operating conditions, developing multiphysics field models for powder interactions, and conducting research on the synergistic multi-objective optimization based on powder properties.